Antidiabetic Activity and GC-MS Analysis of n-Hexane Leaf Extract of Codiaeum variegatum (Euphorbiaceae)

Tolba, Samar S; Mohammed, Hala Sh; Ghareeb, Mosad; Mohamed, Abd El-Salam

doi:10.21608/aijpms.2024.264259.1250

Antidiabetic Activity and GC-MS Analysis of n-Hexane Leaf Extract of Codiaeum variegatum (Euphorbiaceae)

Document Type : Original research articles

Authors

¹ National Food Safety Authority food safety inspector

² Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt

³ Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt

⁴ Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

10.21608/aijpms.2024.264259.1250

Abstract

This study aimed to discover bioactive fatty esters in the n-hexane leaf extract of Codiaeum variegatum (L.) through GC-MS analysis. The extract, known for its antidiabetic properties, was subjected to in vitro antidiabetic activity tests using α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase assays. The GC-MS analysis identified 55 potential therapeutic compounds. The main phytoconstituents comprised; Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (6.12%), n-hexadecanoic acid (3.42%), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (6.12%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (3.42%), Hexadecanoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester (2.11%), Linoleic acid, hydroxy methyl ester (7.01%), Linoleic acid, methyl ester (20.67%), Phytol (1.63%), Methyl stearate (4.65%), Cyclopropane- octanoic acid, 2-[[2-[(2-Ethyl cyclopropyl) methyl]cyclopropyl]methyl], methyl ester (7.91%), Octadecanoic acid (1.54%), 9-Octadecenoic acid, 12-hydroxy-methyl ester, [R-(Z)] (10.89%), 7,10-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (1.98%), cis-5,8,11-Eicosatrienoic acid, methyl ester (3.71%), Delta cuprenene (1.37%), 2H-Pyran-2-one, tetrahydro-6-tridecyl-(1.37%) and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (5.63%). The extract showed weak to moderate inhibition on α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase with IC50 values of 27.40 and 24.43 µg/ml, respectively, compared to Acarbose. More n-hexane extract is required for similar inhibition, indicating Acarbose’s higher potency. This suggests C. variegatum (L.) has diverse bioactive chemicals. While these findings are significant for therapy development, further research is needed to understand potential applications and risks. This study opens avenues for future research into bioactive compounds and their therapeutic potential.

Keywords